One of the most attractive areas of operational development of car engine - is chip-tuning. In such countries such as Germany, Italy, UK, USA and other ship-tuning is a popular type of tuning for over 10 years.
In major European cities there is at least one firm, which specializes in chip-tuning - one of the most attractive areas of tuning of the engine which task is to increase power and torque. Its peculiarity is that the change of engine characteristics (power, torque, limiting the maximum turns and maximum speed) is achieved without any mechanical alterations - bore cylinders, increasing the stroke, etc. The only condition - the car must be equipped with electronic engine control unit (ECU) which, in fact, undergoes to finalization.
ECU - is a kind of car computer. This computer has a chip - the memory chip that incorporates the engine management program. The power unit of each brand and model of the modern car runs on its own program.
ECU manages the work of engine, that is generates control signals for the actuators of the fuel system, ignition and turbo boost, according to information received from sensors and speed of the crankshaft of the engine, air flow, etc. Adjusting the program of engine work, you can change these settings.
In the atmospheric (non-turbo) petrol engine you can submit to the cylinders more fuel, install another (higher) the angle of ignition advance, change mode of operation of systems that control the toxicity of exhaust gases, change the value of speed limiter, etc.
Inappropriate options for chip-tuning - are many injector engines, some engines with fuel injection system.
In the turbocharged engine, besides the above, you can control the moment of the inclusion of turbo boost and its maximum pressure.
How is chip-tuning done?
Before you begin to do chip-tuning, we recommend the following: to learn whether it is possible to change the program ECU. Some vehicles are equipped with ECU, which software cannot be upgraded (it is simply not available for reading and therefore for overwriting). If the chip-tuning is possible, then ask how it will be effective on this model. This is necessary especially that the efforts will be not in vain, because some engines do not have a noticeable increase of power and torque when changing the program. In addition, you have to conduct a complete diagnosis of engine systems in order to eliminate the influence of faults on the final result.
Then ECU is removed from the vehicle and read the original program. It has a size from 512 KB to 1 MB of machine code, part of which is tables of parameters. Typically, maps occupy no more than 10% of the total program. The essence of the chip-tuning is to change the values in these tables in such a way to get as high values of power and torque as possible as in the original program.
To modify the program it is necessary to work with the tables of angle ignition advance, injection time and limitations of boost pressure (and each of the tables can be from 3 to 10). For cars of each brand and model these tables are unique and have different forms (a link to a graphic image).
In addition, the program has other tables (no-load, temperature correction, the lambda correction, etc.). Program management of modern engine contains more than 100 tables, and only 10-20 of them are modified to increase the diesels and traction characteristics.
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