The portrait genre already exists for thousand years. In the ancient time portraits were created mainly that to honour the dead person. However to XV century, people began to order portraits in the most different occasions. Small portraits often were given as a keepsake. The big smart portraits usually served the purposes of glorification of models ? they created majestic images of the important public figures.
Today, to imagine, how the person looks, we look at the photo, and to the photo invention it was necessary to use picturesque portraits. Therefore, the artist paid much attention to show features of the face, sometimes even consciously exaggerating characteristic details, for example, the big nose to underline similarity to the original.
But the portrait does not simply reproduce physical similarity. It is always also a way of creation of a certain image of the person, disclosing of his/her inner. That is why the artist chooses a pose, a look, and clothes so that to show model from most advantage and to reproduce an essence of character and a social status of the posing person. Many portraitists, by the way, have become successful just because were able to flatter the original.
When in XVI century there were the qualitative mirrors, many artists have started to write self-portraits. It gave the chance to them to study own appearance and character, and also to practice use of new methods, without thinking of if these experiments will be pleasant to somebody. On the other hand, the self-portrait allowed the artist to show the skill to those people, who could order own portraits, that is was something like the early form of advertising.
Portraitists give a great attention to a choice of a proper requisite and accessories, capable to reflect character and a way of life of the person, ? for example, to testify to a sort of his employment. Subjects on a portrait can tell the whole story.
Painting products were always cost much, while it is not necessary to pay big money for a photo. Is it necessary to be surprised that after the photo invention (and it has occurred almost 200 years ago) wishing to order to artists the portraits became ever less? But some artists have tried to excel photographers, using qualitatively new picturesque methods.
Though usually the portrait shows the person only from one viewpoint: a profile, a full face or in three quarters, sometimes artists added one more foreshortening ? in the form of a sculpture or reflexion. Artists of New time (for example, Pablo Picasso) have developed this tendency, having connected in one picture crossed images of the person, as though visible under different corners. Perhaps, such portrait seems strange and less realistic, than the product executed in traditional style of painting, but, using at once some viewpoints, artists aspired to fuller image of the person.
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