How does the chip tuning work? To understand this, you must imagine how the electronic fuel injection works. Despite the variety and design features of injection systems, they work the same. The ultimate goal is the same too: at the right moment to inject into the intake manifold or directly into the cylinders a strictly defined amount of fuel. In addition, at a given time it is necessary to burn formed fuel mixture.
“Brain” of electronic injection system is the controller. For optimal management of motor the controller requires information on the status of the crankshaft, the number of incoming air into the cylinders, the degree of throttle opening, engine temperature, and speed of the car. Based on primary data from the sensors the computer calculates the time and duration of fuel injection, as well as the time when you need to burn the resulting fuel-air mixture. The result of the calculations is commands to the fuel injectors and ignition system.
What role in the injection plays the notorious chip? After receiving information from sensors, the processor of the controller is drawn to the special tables of data, which spelled out beforehand the dependence of injection time and ignition timing of the initial data - air flow, engine load, its speed, etc. These tables are called “maps of injection. Depending on the type of engine and control system, the number and size of maps may be different, but they are all recorded on a special memory chip that is called the “chip”.
Maps injection - is the result of hard work of minders of manufacturer car for optimization of combustion in the engine. The aim of this work - is getting the best indicators of power, efficiency, reliability and an acceptable level of emissions. In addition, modern injection systems for more accurate work can retreat in some redivisions from table values, if it is required by external conditions. For example, the amount of injected fuel may vary depending on the testimony of the lambda probe. And the ignition timing is adjusted based on sensor detonation. But, in fact, just a chip with stored data determines the nature of the motor.
Is it possible to improve the performance of the engine, changing something in the maps of injection, carefully tuned by factory specialists? It depends on the specific engine. Most of today’s atmospheric engines leave no room for creativity. You can slightly improve performance of the engine on the transient conditions and when working with a partial load - usually at the expense of environmental indicators. It is often increased turnovers on which an electronic limiter operates. But all these updates do not give a substantial increase in power and dynamics. It is useless to make injection system give more fuel to the engine if the amount of air entering it remains unchanged. A filling of cylinders is determined by the mechanics - design of intake and exhaust systems, camshafts, valve diameter…
Turbocharged engine is more interesting for the chip-tuning. Its chip has a controller in addition to tables for fuel and ignition, another “map” - boost pressure. Due to the change of management program, with waste gate you can increase boost pressure, and consequently - pump more air in cylinders. Of course, you must change the fuel “map”, providing the appropriate number of motor gasoline. Similarly, we can accelerate the turbo. In both cases the increase is going to be much more substantial than in air engine.
Obviously, for low-power atmospheric engine it is not much point in the chip-tuning - increase in the dynamics, if achieved, is such a miserable that it is practically imperceptible for a driver. Another thing - supercharged engine. For them chip tuning - is one of the most profitable ways of boosting.
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